Blinds and interior shutters are two different types of window coverings. They have their similarities but in others ways are very different. Blinds are the cheaper option but shutters are generally considered more elegant and aesthetically pleasing. Each have their own advantages as well as some benefits that are common to both blinds and shutters.
The Advantages of Blinds
As already mentioned, blinds are cheaper than shutters. Depending on the type required, blinds can be an option for those looking for a low cost window covering. Due to the cost, replacing them is inexpensive. They are also simple to install; anyone with basic DIY skills can buy some blinds and put them up themselves. Maintaining blinds is easy.
Due to the advantages they have they are often used in offices. This is partly due to the low cost and the easy maintenance. They fit in a professional office atmosphere better than curtains do. One of the reasons is the adjustability they offer as they can be adjusted to block sunlight without staff having to sit in a dark room during the day.
There are many options with blinds. You can almost always find some that suit the interior of any building, with them coming in many colours and many materials. They are available in wood, plastic and other fabrics.
The Advantages of Interior Shutters
For many, the look of interior shutters is what makes them special. They are considered elegant and are customisable. Most window shutter providers will design and manufacture shutters specifically to a customer’s requirements, so you have a real choice in how your shutters look. This gives more options than with the off-the-shelf options that are more common with blinds and curtains.
So there are aesthetic advantages of shutters, but also many practical benefits. They can help home owners save on energy. They are very study due to being made with good quality, thick wood, which when closed keeps the heat in. They are also extremely long lasting, more so than any other window covering. They often come with a lifetime guarantee so there is no need to worry about needing to have them replaced at a later date.
Both blinds and shutters have individual benefits, but there are also advantages that apply to both. Both are adjustable, allowing for the optimum amount of light and air to be let into the room. By having blinds or shutters closed with the slats/louvres open it allows for privacy while not completely blocking out sunlight. With curtains you would have to choose between one or the other. In the summer this adjustability means that a room can be kept cool, with the window being open with the blinds/shutters closed but the slats/louvres open. A final advantage is that both are very easy to clean. When curtains need cleaning they need to be taken down and machine or hand washed, then left to dry before they can be hung up again. When cleaning blinds or shutters they simply need to be wiped down with a damp cloth.
Andrew Marshall ©
Wednesday, November 30, 2011
Tuesday, November 29, 2011
The Different Benefits of Dedicated Hosting and Shared Hosting
Dedicated hosting and shared hosting are very different things. With dedicated hosting you hire your own web server dedicated to just your websites. With shared hosting a server is shared between a number of the hosting company’s customers and split into portions. If you choose this option you only hire part of the server, which is then used to host your website. There are benefits to both of these types of hosting, with some of the key ones outlined below.
BENEFITS OF DEDICATED HOSTING
Resources
If you choose dedicated hosting you will have more extensive resources provided for your site. This includes more disk space and more bandwidth. As you are not sharing with others there is more disk space, meaning more options in terms of website content. The extra dedicated bandwidth will enable your site to cope with more traffic.
Security
Having your own server is more secure than sharing it with others. There are no other websites that will interfere with yours. With shared hosting there is the danger of other websites on the server being hacked, and this can impact your site. This is not an issue if you have your own server.
Reliability
Having your own server is more reliable. There are no other websites sharing the server that can impact the quality of your hosting. This avoids the problem of issues with other sites impacting yours and means the bandwidth use of others won’t have a negative impact on the performance of your website.
More Choice
In many areas there is more choice with dedicated hosting. This includes operating systems and hardware. Shared hosting is more restricted and is more like paying for a specific plan than dedicated hosting is. This means much more flexibility.
BENEFITS OF SHARED HOSTING
Cost
Cost is the most obvious benefit of shared hosting. As you only use a portion of a server you only pay for a portion of the server. This can lead to significant savings. With the increasing number of websites on the world wide web and the amount of people who use shared hosting, it has made it a very competitive market. This has further driven down the cost as providers fight for your business.
Maintenance
If you opt for shared hosting, the hosting company will maintain the server. This means there is one less thing for you to worry about, and if updates or fixes are required you won’t have to pay extra for it.
Customer Support
Customer support is generally pretty good with shared hosting. Good hosting companies will provide quality support for both dedicated and shared hosting customers, so despite paying less you can expect a good quality service.
Control
While there is not as much control as with dedicated hosting, you will still have a good amount of control. Using your control panel you will be able to manage your website and certain aspects of the hosting.
Simplicity
Shared hosting is more basic, but also simpler from the customers point of view. It is simple to set up and simple to maintain.
With both dedicated and shared hosting there are a number of advantages. All in all, having your own server does mean better quality hosting but there are also benefits of shared hosting, in particular the cost.
Andrew Marshall ©
BENEFITS OF DEDICATED HOSTING
Resources
If you choose dedicated hosting you will have more extensive resources provided for your site. This includes more disk space and more bandwidth. As you are not sharing with others there is more disk space, meaning more options in terms of website content. The extra dedicated bandwidth will enable your site to cope with more traffic.
Security
Having your own server is more secure than sharing it with others. There are no other websites that will interfere with yours. With shared hosting there is the danger of other websites on the server being hacked, and this can impact your site. This is not an issue if you have your own server.
Reliability
Having your own server is more reliable. There are no other websites sharing the server that can impact the quality of your hosting. This avoids the problem of issues with other sites impacting yours and means the bandwidth use of others won’t have a negative impact on the performance of your website.
More Choice
In many areas there is more choice with dedicated hosting. This includes operating systems and hardware. Shared hosting is more restricted and is more like paying for a specific plan than dedicated hosting is. This means much more flexibility.
BENEFITS OF SHARED HOSTING
Cost
Cost is the most obvious benefit of shared hosting. As you only use a portion of a server you only pay for a portion of the server. This can lead to significant savings. With the increasing number of websites on the world wide web and the amount of people who use shared hosting, it has made it a very competitive market. This has further driven down the cost as providers fight for your business.
Maintenance
If you opt for shared hosting, the hosting company will maintain the server. This means there is one less thing for you to worry about, and if updates or fixes are required you won’t have to pay extra for it.
Customer Support
Customer support is generally pretty good with shared hosting. Good hosting companies will provide quality support for both dedicated and shared hosting customers, so despite paying less you can expect a good quality service.
Control
While there is not as much control as with dedicated hosting, you will still have a good amount of control. Using your control panel you will be able to manage your website and certain aspects of the hosting.
Simplicity
Shared hosting is more basic, but also simpler from the customers point of view. It is simple to set up and simple to maintain.
With both dedicated and shared hosting there are a number of advantages. All in all, having your own server does mean better quality hosting but there are also benefits of shared hosting, in particular the cost.
Andrew Marshall ©
Friday, November 25, 2011
Why is the Chinese Economy Growing?
The Chinese economy is growing and it seems inevitable that it will soon overtake the United States as the world’s biggest. There are many reasons for China’s rise, from economic reform to changes in society and more integration with the rest of the world. So what are the main reasons for the vast growth in China’s economy?
The start of the rising trend can be traced back to over thirty years ago and economic reform in 1978. This was two years after the death of Mao Zedong and China was the world’s tenth biggest economy at the time. Most assets had been state controlled prior to this when the government decided to encourage more individual enterprise and private business. Growth immediately increased by 50%, from 6% to 9%, and this increased further in future years. This growth has continued ever since.
China’s population has something to do with its economic growth. With a population higher than any other country on earth it means a ready-made workforce is available. With so many people there is the opportunity for vast economic growth that countries with a small population would be unable to achieve. All things being equal China should have the biggest economy.
So, what is the main contributor to China’s growth? The most obvious is the rise in the stocks of capital assets. The increase in the productivity of workers is just as important though. According to IMF research, more than 42% of the country’s growth between 1979 and 1994 was purely due to the increase in the productivity of workers. Technological development has also played an important role. As with other Asian countries, China has a strong technology industry which has boomed in recent times. Improved technology has also played a part in making business more productive.
Society as a whole has been changing in China. It has been gradually moving away from traditional farming towards more people working in large cities over the past three decades. Many have moved to work in the country’s two largest cities Beijing and Shanghai, with the latter becoming a real business hub. Many new cities have also sprung up, though. This has all meant a less rural and more urban culture throughout much of China. This has encouraged more commercial business with more people available to work in the cities meaning continued growth in business. There has been a change in the attitudes of the Chinese people, especially young Chinese. They have become more business focussed and the aspirations of people have generally shifted.
Over recent times China has opened itself up more to the rest of the world. This has led to more foreign investment in China and Chinese companies have benefitted from working with businesses from the rest of the world.
There are many reasons for China’s economic growth. At the time of the economic reform in 1978, China had the world’s tenth biggest economy. Today it has the second largest and it seems almost certain that it will overtake the United State soon.
Andrew Marshall ©
The start of the rising trend can be traced back to over thirty years ago and economic reform in 1978. This was two years after the death of Mao Zedong and China was the world’s tenth biggest economy at the time. Most assets had been state controlled prior to this when the government decided to encourage more individual enterprise and private business. Growth immediately increased by 50%, from 6% to 9%, and this increased further in future years. This growth has continued ever since.
China’s population has something to do with its economic growth. With a population higher than any other country on earth it means a ready-made workforce is available. With so many people there is the opportunity for vast economic growth that countries with a small population would be unable to achieve. All things being equal China should have the biggest economy.
So, what is the main contributor to China’s growth? The most obvious is the rise in the stocks of capital assets. The increase in the productivity of workers is just as important though. According to IMF research, more than 42% of the country’s growth between 1979 and 1994 was purely due to the increase in the productivity of workers. Technological development has also played an important role. As with other Asian countries, China has a strong technology industry which has boomed in recent times. Improved technology has also played a part in making business more productive.
Society as a whole has been changing in China. It has been gradually moving away from traditional farming towards more people working in large cities over the past three decades. Many have moved to work in the country’s two largest cities Beijing and Shanghai, with the latter becoming a real business hub. Many new cities have also sprung up, though. This has all meant a less rural and more urban culture throughout much of China. This has encouraged more commercial business with more people available to work in the cities meaning continued growth in business. There has been a change in the attitudes of the Chinese people, especially young Chinese. They have become more business focussed and the aspirations of people have generally shifted.
Over recent times China has opened itself up more to the rest of the world. This has led to more foreign investment in China and Chinese companies have benefitted from working with businesses from the rest of the world.
There are many reasons for China’s economic growth. At the time of the economic reform in 1978, China had the world’s tenth biggest economy. Today it has the second largest and it seems almost certain that it will overtake the United State soon.
Andrew Marshall ©
Thursday, November 24, 2011
Preventing Health and Safety Problems in the Workplace
Health and safety is a much debated subject these days and something employers need to be aware of. Businesses are responsible for the health and safety of their employees; they need to make sure their employees are able to work in a safe environment and offer any help that they will need to ensure this is the case. Below are some of the typical workplace injuries and how employers can prevent them from happening to their staff.
Back Problems through Lifting
Back problems are one of the most common injuries that happen in the workplace. One way these happen is due to lifting. You need to make sure your employees lift in the correct manor by using their legs to bend rather than bend their back. You could be responsible if you have not trained your staff properly and they suffer injuries. You should not ask or allow employees to lift unreasonably heavy things. You should encourage them to refuse lifting something they believe to be too heavy and never force them to lift something against their will.
Tripping and Slipping
People can trip up and fall for all sorts of reasons, but you need to make sure you do not cause someone to fall and injure themselves. If something is spilt make sure it is cleared up, if the floor is slippery make sure there are warning signs. You also need to be careful of loose carpet or wires running across the floor that people could trip over.
Electrical Safety
Technology, and in particular computers, is used a lot in business today. This makes electrical safety more important than ever. Any equipment you supply to employees must be safe for use. It should also be tested regularly, with PAT testing a good way of doing this.
Repetitive Strain Injury
Repetitive strain injury, or RSI, is an injury caused by someone repeatedly performing the same action. The most common of these is when someone is typing on a computer all day, every day, but it can also happen in other areas of work. Employers should encourage (or enforce) regular breaks or try to vary someone’s job so they are not constantly doing one thing. If someone does begin to suffer pain it might be wise to find them something else to do for a while.
Injury from Sitting
Even sitting in the wrong way can cause injury, with many developing problems from having the incorrect posture while sitting at a desk. You should make employees aware of how they should be sitting. They should sit back in the chair with a straight back. If sitting at a computer monitor the top of the screen should be in line with their eyes. The right type of chair is also important, and they should be adjustable so they can be altered to suit each person’s body and height.
Eye Problems while at a Computer
This is another modern day hazard. The best way to limit the chances of working on a computer having a negative impact on someone’s eyesight is for them to have regular beaks away from the screen, for example five minutes every hour. The correct lighting should also be used in offices.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome is wrist problems from typing on a computer. This is caused when the keyboard is above where the wrists are resting on the desk. The solution is to provide wrist rests to employees.
Falls from Height
Falls can occur in a vast array of different working environments. Any time that someone is working from height their safety needs to be maintained as much as possible. Where relevant ladders and scaffolding should be secure. When someone is working from great height they should be held in place by a harness.
There are a few important things to remember when it comes to health and safety at work. Employees need to be kept as safe as possible. If there is equipment that can help ensure their safety it should be supplied by the employer. Training is also important; employees should be made aware of how to perform their job as safely as possible.
Andrew Marshall ©
Back Problems through Lifting
Back problems are one of the most common injuries that happen in the workplace. One way these happen is due to lifting. You need to make sure your employees lift in the correct manor by using their legs to bend rather than bend their back. You could be responsible if you have not trained your staff properly and they suffer injuries. You should not ask or allow employees to lift unreasonably heavy things. You should encourage them to refuse lifting something they believe to be too heavy and never force them to lift something against their will.
Tripping and Slipping
People can trip up and fall for all sorts of reasons, but you need to make sure you do not cause someone to fall and injure themselves. If something is spilt make sure it is cleared up, if the floor is slippery make sure there are warning signs. You also need to be careful of loose carpet or wires running across the floor that people could trip over.
Electrical Safety
Technology, and in particular computers, is used a lot in business today. This makes electrical safety more important than ever. Any equipment you supply to employees must be safe for use. It should also be tested regularly, with PAT testing a good way of doing this.
Repetitive Strain Injury
Repetitive strain injury, or RSI, is an injury caused by someone repeatedly performing the same action. The most common of these is when someone is typing on a computer all day, every day, but it can also happen in other areas of work. Employers should encourage (or enforce) regular breaks or try to vary someone’s job so they are not constantly doing one thing. If someone does begin to suffer pain it might be wise to find them something else to do for a while.
Injury from Sitting
Even sitting in the wrong way can cause injury, with many developing problems from having the incorrect posture while sitting at a desk. You should make employees aware of how they should be sitting. They should sit back in the chair with a straight back. If sitting at a computer monitor the top of the screen should be in line with their eyes. The right type of chair is also important, and they should be adjustable so they can be altered to suit each person’s body and height.
Eye Problems while at a Computer
This is another modern day hazard. The best way to limit the chances of working on a computer having a negative impact on someone’s eyesight is for them to have regular beaks away from the screen, for example five minutes every hour. The correct lighting should also be used in offices.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome is wrist problems from typing on a computer. This is caused when the keyboard is above where the wrists are resting on the desk. The solution is to provide wrist rests to employees.
Falls from Height
Falls can occur in a vast array of different working environments. Any time that someone is working from height their safety needs to be maintained as much as possible. Where relevant ladders and scaffolding should be secure. When someone is working from great height they should be held in place by a harness.
There are a few important things to remember when it comes to health and safety at work. Employees need to be kept as safe as possible. If there is equipment that can help ensure their safety it should be supplied by the employer. Training is also important; employees should be made aware of how to perform their job as safely as possible.
Andrew Marshall ©
Tuesday, November 22, 2011
Host your own server, use a hosting company, or colocation?
When hosting a website there are many different options. You can host your own server or host it with a web hosting company. There is also the option of colocation, where you have your own server but hire rack space at a data centre where it is hosted. This article looks at the advantages and disadvantages of hosting your own server, hosting through a hosting company, and colocation.
Hosting Your Own Server
The main advantage of hosting your own server is that you have control over your hosting. You make all the decisions regarding the server and operating systems used. Because you are in control you don’t have to worry about any mistakes from a hosting company impacting your website. You also don’t need to be concerned with any problems that might be caused by other websites sharing the server. All hosting resources, including bandwidth and disk space, are entirely dedicated to your server and your website.
While you are in control, you will also have to resolve any problems that arise. This could be a problem if you don’t have the relevant expertise to deal with these issues. You will need to closely monitor your server if you are in charge of it to make sure you spot any issues quickly. Another disadvantage is that you will have to pay for any required software or hardware updates. Overall, hosting your own server can be expensive.
Hosting With a Hosting Company
One of the benefits of using a hosting company is that instead of you being in charge, the experts employed by the hosting company monitor and take care of your hosting. This is particularly advantageous to those without their own technical expertise. Because resources are being shared between all of the hosting company’s customers, the cost is reduced. Professional web hosting companies regularly update their servers and infrastructure and, unlike when hosting your own site, this is factored into your hosting costs so it will not cost you extra.
The problems can come if you don’t choose a good quality provide. If the hosting company makes mistakes, your website could suffer. The other downside is that other websites sharing a server with your site could potentially have a negative impact.
Colocation
Colocation goes somewhere in between the two options above. You have your own server but co-locate it at a data centre by hiring rack space. The positive is that you have some of the same control as with hosting your own server. You choose the server and can make decisions regarding it. Colocation is cheaper than hosting it yourself, though, as you are sharing the infrastructure costs with other customers. Although you are responsible for the maintenance of the server, you are not responsible for the maintenance of the infrastructure. Security is of a good standard and there are other benefits such as temperature control you may not have when hosting your own server.
Even though you have a significant amount of control, you don’t have as much as with hosting it yourself. Another disadvantage is that the colocation centre’s resources are shared between customers so there will be some limits. In the majority of cases colocation is more expensive than hosting with a hosting company.
Andrew Marshall ©
Hosting Your Own Server
The main advantage of hosting your own server is that you have control over your hosting. You make all the decisions regarding the server and operating systems used. Because you are in control you don’t have to worry about any mistakes from a hosting company impacting your website. You also don’t need to be concerned with any problems that might be caused by other websites sharing the server. All hosting resources, including bandwidth and disk space, are entirely dedicated to your server and your website.
While you are in control, you will also have to resolve any problems that arise. This could be a problem if you don’t have the relevant expertise to deal with these issues. You will need to closely monitor your server if you are in charge of it to make sure you spot any issues quickly. Another disadvantage is that you will have to pay for any required software or hardware updates. Overall, hosting your own server can be expensive.
Hosting With a Hosting Company
One of the benefits of using a hosting company is that instead of you being in charge, the experts employed by the hosting company monitor and take care of your hosting. This is particularly advantageous to those without their own technical expertise. Because resources are being shared between all of the hosting company’s customers, the cost is reduced. Professional web hosting companies regularly update their servers and infrastructure and, unlike when hosting your own site, this is factored into your hosting costs so it will not cost you extra.
The problems can come if you don’t choose a good quality provide. If the hosting company makes mistakes, your website could suffer. The other downside is that other websites sharing a server with your site could potentially have a negative impact.
Colocation
Colocation goes somewhere in between the two options above. You have your own server but co-locate it at a data centre by hiring rack space. The positive is that you have some of the same control as with hosting your own server. You choose the server and can make decisions regarding it. Colocation is cheaper than hosting it yourself, though, as you are sharing the infrastructure costs with other customers. Although you are responsible for the maintenance of the server, you are not responsible for the maintenance of the infrastructure. Security is of a good standard and there are other benefits such as temperature control you may not have when hosting your own server.
Even though you have a significant amount of control, you don’t have as much as with hosting it yourself. Another disadvantage is that the colocation centre’s resources are shared between customers so there will be some limits. In the majority of cases colocation is more expensive than hosting with a hosting company.
Andrew Marshall ©
Monday, November 21, 2011
The Advantages of Different Types of Investments
Do you have some money to invest? If so, you may be wondering what to invest in. This article takes a look at some of the advantages of different types of investments.
Investment Trusts
An investment trust is essentially a company that invests the funds of its shareholders in the shares of other companies. An investment trust is a standalone company that individual investors can buy shares in. The trust then invests in other companies on their shareholders behalf. The main advantage is that investors are using the expertise of the fund managers. They are experienced investors and are therefore in a position to make wise choices on behalf of their shareholders. This also saves on time; you don’t need to spend time analysing the markets and choosing where to invest your money as someone else is doing that for you. Trust managers are independent advisors and are therefore acting in your interests. Investment trusts also enable those with limited funds to invest where they might not otherwise be able to. This is because their investments are pooled together with those from others.
ISA’s
An ISA is a tax efficient way of saving. Investors are able to invest up to £10,670 a year in an ISA, with no tax paid on any interest gained or on capital gains. There are two types of ISA; cash ISA’s and stocks and shares ISA’s. Investors can either have one cash ISA, one stocks and shares ISA, or one of each. The maximum that can be invested in total per year is £10,670, with a maximum of half of this being able to be invested in a cash ISA. It is possible to invest the total allowance into a stocks and shares ISA.
The obvious advantage is the tax benefits, but there are also individual benefits of each type of ISA. One of the advantages of a stocks and shares ISA is that the allowance is higher. The potential of a stocks and shares ISA is more significant than a cash ISA. Because it is invested in the stocks and shares of companies it is more likely to lead to significant returns over time, and in the majority of cases will be a better long term investment than a cash ISA. The advantage of a cash ISA is that while the potential returns may not be as high, your money is safer. If investing in an ISA you have to decide whether to go for the safe option or the one with the more potential.
Investing in Something Tangible
Investing in something tangible is another possibility. You could invest in real estate. The market is not great at the moment with some prices having fallen. This could mean an opportunity though, as you might be able to get something cheaper than it was at the height of the property market. This could make real estate a good long-term investment.
Gold is something that many have championed as a good investment recently. It can be a safe haven in an economic downturn, as it is something that is always in demand. Gold prices have risen in the last couple of years and many predict this trend will continue.
There are many other things that could be a possible good investment. Wine, for example, has become a more popular investment in recent times. Vintage wines improve and grow in value over time so is something that can be taken advantage of. Anything that is likely to grow in value over time is a good investment as is anything that will always be in demand.
Andrew Marshall ©
Investment Trusts
An investment trust is essentially a company that invests the funds of its shareholders in the shares of other companies. An investment trust is a standalone company that individual investors can buy shares in. The trust then invests in other companies on their shareholders behalf. The main advantage is that investors are using the expertise of the fund managers. They are experienced investors and are therefore in a position to make wise choices on behalf of their shareholders. This also saves on time; you don’t need to spend time analysing the markets and choosing where to invest your money as someone else is doing that for you. Trust managers are independent advisors and are therefore acting in your interests. Investment trusts also enable those with limited funds to invest where they might not otherwise be able to. This is because their investments are pooled together with those from others.
ISA’s
An ISA is a tax efficient way of saving. Investors are able to invest up to £10,670 a year in an ISA, with no tax paid on any interest gained or on capital gains. There are two types of ISA; cash ISA’s and stocks and shares ISA’s. Investors can either have one cash ISA, one stocks and shares ISA, or one of each. The maximum that can be invested in total per year is £10,670, with a maximum of half of this being able to be invested in a cash ISA. It is possible to invest the total allowance into a stocks and shares ISA.
The obvious advantage is the tax benefits, but there are also individual benefits of each type of ISA. One of the advantages of a stocks and shares ISA is that the allowance is higher. The potential of a stocks and shares ISA is more significant than a cash ISA. Because it is invested in the stocks and shares of companies it is more likely to lead to significant returns over time, and in the majority of cases will be a better long term investment than a cash ISA. The advantage of a cash ISA is that while the potential returns may not be as high, your money is safer. If investing in an ISA you have to decide whether to go for the safe option or the one with the more potential.
Investing in Something Tangible
Investing in something tangible is another possibility. You could invest in real estate. The market is not great at the moment with some prices having fallen. This could mean an opportunity though, as you might be able to get something cheaper than it was at the height of the property market. This could make real estate a good long-term investment.
Gold is something that many have championed as a good investment recently. It can be a safe haven in an economic downturn, as it is something that is always in demand. Gold prices have risen in the last couple of years and many predict this trend will continue.
There are many other things that could be a possible good investment. Wine, for example, has become a more popular investment in recent times. Vintage wines improve and grow in value over time so is something that can be taken advantage of. Anything that is likely to grow in value over time is a good investment as is anything that will always be in demand.
Andrew Marshall ©
A History of Bathing in Britain
Public bathing in Britain can be retraced to the 1600’s and Roman times, when it first became a popular pastime. Prior to arriving in Britain the Roman’s had already discovered bathing as a leisure activity. Roman manors had their own small private bath houses, which were separate buildings to the main manor, containing baths. They also had public baths, though, which were for the use of the general public. These included hot and cold rooms and extra services such as food, wine, and exercise and personal training. It was a major social activity and one of the few places where different classes mixed and were treated equally. The Romans took this idea with them when they came to Britain, most famously to Bath in Somerset.
Sea bathing in Britain goes back to the eighteenth century. People started to believe that bathing in sea water had health benefits, including curing disease, and started going to the sea to bathe in the 1700’s. It was very different to now though, in particular in terms of the swimwear worn. Women’s swimwear consisted of bathing gowns and men’s swimwear of long swimsuits. For both genders most of the body was covered. Women even used bathing machines to ensure no unnecessary flesh was shown. Bathing machines were wagon type vehicles that were taken out to sea and women would change in them and step straight into the water. This meant they wouldn’t show their bare ankles and lower legs while walking from the beach into the sea. These were in common use until the 1890’s and were still used as stationary changing rooms beyond this time.
Beach resorts originally began to appear in the 1700’s in places such as Blackpool, Southend, Scarborough, Bournemouth and Weymouth. It was the extension of the railways in the 1800’s that increased its popularity and access to the masses. It meant that a much higher proportion of the population had access to the seaside, for example Londoners could visit Brighton. This lead to an explosion of seaside resorts throughout Britain. This was before the time of air travel so few people could travel abroad for holidays, and visiting the sea became the most popular holiday activity for the people of Britain by the early 1900’s. It was seen as a holiday for the working class. Whole towns grew or expanded due to this, with places such as Blackpool and Brighton two good examples. Piers were built and resorts began to have amusement parks, donkey rides and Punch and Judy shows amongst other things. Hotels, Guest Houses and restaurants took over much of Britain’s seaside landscape as beach holidays became big business, as they still are to this day.
Sea bathing has changed a lot since it first became popular and so has the swimwear. Gradually swimsuits that almost covered the entire body have developed into swimming shorts and bikinis as it has become more socially acceptable to show more of the body.
Bathing has changed significantly since the Romans first introduced it to Britain. Back then sea bathing was almost inconceivable but went on to become a key part of summertime culture.
Andrew Marshall ©
Designer Swimwear for Men
Sea bathing in Britain goes back to the eighteenth century. People started to believe that bathing in sea water had health benefits, including curing disease, and started going to the sea to bathe in the 1700’s. It was very different to now though, in particular in terms of the swimwear worn. Women’s swimwear consisted of bathing gowns and men’s swimwear of long swimsuits. For both genders most of the body was covered. Women even used bathing machines to ensure no unnecessary flesh was shown. Bathing machines were wagon type vehicles that were taken out to sea and women would change in them and step straight into the water. This meant they wouldn’t show their bare ankles and lower legs while walking from the beach into the sea. These were in common use until the 1890’s and were still used as stationary changing rooms beyond this time.
Beach resorts originally began to appear in the 1700’s in places such as Blackpool, Southend, Scarborough, Bournemouth and Weymouth. It was the extension of the railways in the 1800’s that increased its popularity and access to the masses. It meant that a much higher proportion of the population had access to the seaside, for example Londoners could visit Brighton. This lead to an explosion of seaside resorts throughout Britain. This was before the time of air travel so few people could travel abroad for holidays, and visiting the sea became the most popular holiday activity for the people of Britain by the early 1900’s. It was seen as a holiday for the working class. Whole towns grew or expanded due to this, with places such as Blackpool and Brighton two good examples. Piers were built and resorts began to have amusement parks, donkey rides and Punch and Judy shows amongst other things. Hotels, Guest Houses and restaurants took over much of Britain’s seaside landscape as beach holidays became big business, as they still are to this day.
Sea bathing has changed a lot since it first became popular and so has the swimwear. Gradually swimsuits that almost covered the entire body have developed into swimming shorts and bikinis as it has become more socially acceptable to show more of the body.
Bathing has changed significantly since the Romans first introduced it to Britain. Back then sea bathing was almost inconceivable but went on to become a key part of summertime culture.
Andrew Marshall ©
Designer Swimwear for Men
Friday, November 18, 2011
The Basics of Jury Service
For a criminal law case to be heard in court a jury is necessary. A jury consists of twelve or fifteen jurors. These jurors are members of the general public who sit in on the court case, analyse the evidence, and decide upon a verdict.
Jury service is a civic duty, and if chosen people must attend except for in exceptional circumstances when they can apply to be excused. In some cases those chosen for jury service can ask for it to be delayed if the timing is particularly inconvenient for work, health or personal reasons. In these situations they will have to do their jury service within the next year. In most circumstances, though, jurors have to attend jury service as instructed and are fined £1,000 if they do not.
People are chosen for jury service randomly. The majority of people aged between 18 and 65 are eligible to be called up. Typically, jury service lasts for ten working days, although this can last longer for lengthy court cases, usually serious criminal trials. The two week period can include more than one trial but there are also times when it will not include any. This is dependent on the nature of the cases and any changes in the situations of cases that are due to take place. Trials can be dropped, for example where a suspect pleads guilty at the last minute or the judge decides there is not enough evidence to hear the case.
It is a legal requirement for employers to grant employees time off when they have been selected for jury service. This will be extra paid time off to ensure employees don’t lose their holiday entitlement and don’t lose out financially. For very long cases, for example where they may last for a year, employers must be consulted and may be able to prevent an employee being away for this length of time.
While on jury service, people are part of a large pool of potential jurors. For a particular case, the required number of jurors are chosen randomly. Solicitors on either side of the case can object to a particular juror serving on the trial but must have a genuine reason for this. Should both sides object it is likely that juror will not be on the trial. If only one side objects the judge decides whether or not the reason given is likely to affect the juror’s decision making. If someone is likely to be biased towards one side or another then they will be deemed an inappropriate juror. For obvious reasons, someone involved in the case in some way or someone who knows someone involved will not sit on the jury.
Jurors are banned from talking about a case while it is taking place. This includes talking to a spouse about it. The only people it can be discussed with are the other jurors and this can only take place in the jury room. Once a case is over it can be discussed unless the judge has explicitly banned it.
After a trial has been completed, the jury must discuss the case and decide upon a verdict. In criminal trials there are three possible verdicts; guilty, not guilty and not proven. For a guilty verdict to pass at least eight jurors must agree.
Andrew Marshall ©
Jury service is a civic duty, and if chosen people must attend except for in exceptional circumstances when they can apply to be excused. In some cases those chosen for jury service can ask for it to be delayed if the timing is particularly inconvenient for work, health or personal reasons. In these situations they will have to do their jury service within the next year. In most circumstances, though, jurors have to attend jury service as instructed and are fined £1,000 if they do not.
People are chosen for jury service randomly. The majority of people aged between 18 and 65 are eligible to be called up. Typically, jury service lasts for ten working days, although this can last longer for lengthy court cases, usually serious criminal trials. The two week period can include more than one trial but there are also times when it will not include any. This is dependent on the nature of the cases and any changes in the situations of cases that are due to take place. Trials can be dropped, for example where a suspect pleads guilty at the last minute or the judge decides there is not enough evidence to hear the case.
It is a legal requirement for employers to grant employees time off when they have been selected for jury service. This will be extra paid time off to ensure employees don’t lose their holiday entitlement and don’t lose out financially. For very long cases, for example where they may last for a year, employers must be consulted and may be able to prevent an employee being away for this length of time.
While on jury service, people are part of a large pool of potential jurors. For a particular case, the required number of jurors are chosen randomly. Solicitors on either side of the case can object to a particular juror serving on the trial but must have a genuine reason for this. Should both sides object it is likely that juror will not be on the trial. If only one side objects the judge decides whether or not the reason given is likely to affect the juror’s decision making. If someone is likely to be biased towards one side or another then they will be deemed an inappropriate juror. For obvious reasons, someone involved in the case in some way or someone who knows someone involved will not sit on the jury.
Jurors are banned from talking about a case while it is taking place. This includes talking to a spouse about it. The only people it can be discussed with are the other jurors and this can only take place in the jury room. Once a case is over it can be discussed unless the judge has explicitly banned it.
After a trial has been completed, the jury must discuss the case and decide upon a verdict. In criminal trials there are three possible verdicts; guilty, not guilty and not proven. For a guilty verdict to pass at least eight jurors must agree.
Andrew Marshall ©
Thursday, November 17, 2011
An Introduction and History of Children in Need
Children in Need has become a national institution, and the charity raises millions of pounds for children’s charities every year. The main part of the fundraising drive is through an evening long BBC television broadcast one night a year.
The history of Children in Need goes back to 1980, although there had been charity broadcasts of one sort or another prior to this on both BBC radio and television. The first Children in Need broadcast was presented by Terry Wogan, Sue Lawley and Esther Rantzen. Terry Wogan still presents part of the annual television broadcast to this day. In its first year, £1 million was raised.
Although Children in Need was originally established to raise money for children’s charities, it is now a charity in its own right. It has been a registered charity in England and Wales since 1988 and more recently in Scotland.
The television show typically consists of a variety of entertainment pieces and documentary footage. The entertainment slots include things such as live musical performances, comedy, and specials from other television shows. Sometimes this includes two shows being married together, for example Top Gear meets Ashes to Ashes in 2010. The last few years have featured news readers performing something on stage. The documentaries throughout the evening inform viewers of some of the causes the charity helps as well as showing why this assistance is needed.
Since raising £1 million in its first year, the amount raised has increased massively. The charity has expanded and become better known and now has a real place in the nation’s hearts. The amount raised has risen almost continuously, and in 2010 was a record breaking £40 million.
The balk of the money raised over the years has come through public donations, with much of this coming during the television broadcast. These days, though, there are many other fundraising events throughout the country that also make money on behalf of the charity. Some of these are directly through the BBC, including Children in Need specials of other BBC programmes, while others are set up by other organisations and individuals wishing to do their bit.
The official mascot of Children in Need is Pudsey Bear. He is named after the town of Pudsey, where his creator, Joanna Ball, is from. Created in 1983, he first appeared on the television broadcast in 1985. Back then he was a brown bear, but was changed to the famous yellow with a bandage over his right eye for the 1986 fundraiser.
Pudsey wasn’t the only trend to begin in 1985; the other was an official song, with all proceeds from its sales going to the charity. The first song was by Clanned, followed by Suzi Quatro with Bronski Brown and other artists in 1986, and then Paul McCartney another two years later. Others to have performed the official song have included S Club 7, Will Young, Girls Aloud and the Spice Girls.
Children in Need has become a real part of British culture over the years. The show attracts millions of viewers every year and people throughout the country take part in fundraising events and donate to the charity.
Andrew Marshall ©
The history of Children in Need goes back to 1980, although there had been charity broadcasts of one sort or another prior to this on both BBC radio and television. The first Children in Need broadcast was presented by Terry Wogan, Sue Lawley and Esther Rantzen. Terry Wogan still presents part of the annual television broadcast to this day. In its first year, £1 million was raised.
Although Children in Need was originally established to raise money for children’s charities, it is now a charity in its own right. It has been a registered charity in England and Wales since 1988 and more recently in Scotland.
The television show typically consists of a variety of entertainment pieces and documentary footage. The entertainment slots include things such as live musical performances, comedy, and specials from other television shows. Sometimes this includes two shows being married together, for example Top Gear meets Ashes to Ashes in 2010. The last few years have featured news readers performing something on stage. The documentaries throughout the evening inform viewers of some of the causes the charity helps as well as showing why this assistance is needed.
Since raising £1 million in its first year, the amount raised has increased massively. The charity has expanded and become better known and now has a real place in the nation’s hearts. The amount raised has risen almost continuously, and in 2010 was a record breaking £40 million.
The balk of the money raised over the years has come through public donations, with much of this coming during the television broadcast. These days, though, there are many other fundraising events throughout the country that also make money on behalf of the charity. Some of these are directly through the BBC, including Children in Need specials of other BBC programmes, while others are set up by other organisations and individuals wishing to do their bit.
The official mascot of Children in Need is Pudsey Bear. He is named after the town of Pudsey, where his creator, Joanna Ball, is from. Created in 1983, he first appeared on the television broadcast in 1985. Back then he was a brown bear, but was changed to the famous yellow with a bandage over his right eye for the 1986 fundraiser.
Pudsey wasn’t the only trend to begin in 1985; the other was an official song, with all proceeds from its sales going to the charity. The first song was by Clanned, followed by Suzi Quatro with Bronski Brown and other artists in 1986, and then Paul McCartney another two years later. Others to have performed the official song have included S Club 7, Will Young, Girls Aloud and the Spice Girls.
Children in Need has become a real part of British culture over the years. The show attracts millions of viewers every year and people throughout the country take part in fundraising events and donate to the charity.
Andrew Marshall ©
Tuesday, November 15, 2011
The Specialism of Private Healthcare
One of the main positives of private healthcare is that it is easier to get specialist care specific to the health issues a particular patient is suffering from. There are obviously specialists in the NHS for certain key areas, such as cancer, however private healthcare can offer specialist care where it may not be possible on the NHS, which has to cover all bases and provide for everyone within their budget.
On the NHS someone will initially have to visit their GP, even if they have a good idea of what the problem is. GP’s cover everything and may not have much experience with this particular issue. If using private healthcare services a patient can, if they wish, go straight to a specialist who focuses on this area alone. Dealing with a specialist right from the start can be very beneficial. A patient might be referred to a specialist on the NHS but this will be through their GP.
Some private health clinics specialise in one area and one area only, for example mental health or pregnancy, so the entire clinic is dedicated to this alone. This can be advantageous to patients. They are dealing with practitioners who have a large amount of expertise in this area and they may be able to offer all kinds of services and extra’s that might not be available elsewhere.
Specialist doctors can improve the service for patients. The first reason is an obvious one; they have a particular experience and expertise in dealing with the exact problems a patient is suffering from. They can, therefore, be better placed to help as they know this area inside out. It is also possible to receive very specific help rather than just within the same illness or condition. For example, rather than just seeing a cancer specialist, there may be specialists for different types of cancer, and then dietary experts and fitness experts who can advice patients on the lifestyle that is most likely to get them through their illness and prevent it from returning.
Unfortunately, the NHS has to be limited to some extent. It has to serve everyone and there are limited financial resources available to them. Extra services can be available privately that aren’t available on the NHS. One example is pregnancy services. There is, of course, good quality pregnancy care on the NHS, but if going private, other services such as extra pregnancy tests are available. This is not a criticism of the NHS, but it is simply impossible for it to offer absolutely every service, so it has to prioritise. With private healthcare there are a wider range of services.
Are private doctors better than NHS doctors? The answer is that it is not the doctors that are better, but they are in a position to be able to specialise and offer more specialist services. They have more time to dedicate themselves to a particular specialism and more time to dedicate themselves to individual patients. This means they can offer a more personal touch and patients have more choice in how they are treated.
Andrew Marshall (c)
On the NHS someone will initially have to visit their GP, even if they have a good idea of what the problem is. GP’s cover everything and may not have much experience with this particular issue. If using private healthcare services a patient can, if they wish, go straight to a specialist who focuses on this area alone. Dealing with a specialist right from the start can be very beneficial. A patient might be referred to a specialist on the NHS but this will be through their GP.
Some private health clinics specialise in one area and one area only, for example mental health or pregnancy, so the entire clinic is dedicated to this alone. This can be advantageous to patients. They are dealing with practitioners who have a large amount of expertise in this area and they may be able to offer all kinds of services and extra’s that might not be available elsewhere.
Specialist doctors can improve the service for patients. The first reason is an obvious one; they have a particular experience and expertise in dealing with the exact problems a patient is suffering from. They can, therefore, be better placed to help as they know this area inside out. It is also possible to receive very specific help rather than just within the same illness or condition. For example, rather than just seeing a cancer specialist, there may be specialists for different types of cancer, and then dietary experts and fitness experts who can advice patients on the lifestyle that is most likely to get them through their illness and prevent it from returning.
Unfortunately, the NHS has to be limited to some extent. It has to serve everyone and there are limited financial resources available to them. Extra services can be available privately that aren’t available on the NHS. One example is pregnancy services. There is, of course, good quality pregnancy care on the NHS, but if going private, other services such as extra pregnancy tests are available. This is not a criticism of the NHS, but it is simply impossible for it to offer absolutely every service, so it has to prioritise. With private healthcare there are a wider range of services.
Are private doctors better than NHS doctors? The answer is that it is not the doctors that are better, but they are in a position to be able to specialise and offer more specialist services. They have more time to dedicate themselves to a particular specialism and more time to dedicate themselves to individual patients. This means they can offer a more personal touch and patients have more choice in how they are treated.
Andrew Marshall (c)
Monday, November 14, 2011
Things to do in Southampton
Southampton is the largest city in the county of Hampshire. It has a rich history which has included playing an important part in both world wars. The city’s population is around 240,000. Here are some of the things that might be of interest to visitors.
If you’re looking for history why not take a walk around the city walls. It was built for protection after an attack by France in 1338 to close the city in and prevent the likelihood of further attacks. Much of the walls still exist as do some of the towers and gates, including the famous Bargate, which almost serves as an entrance to the main shopping area. Some of what is England’s second longest stretch of medieval wall can be walked on. The walls are a great way of finding your way around the city.
If art is your thing the Southampton City Art Gallery should be of interest. The gallery is free to enter and has a variety of interesting exhibitions. Another museum is the Southampton Maritime Museum, which is naturally located on the docks. Amongst other things the museum includes items relating to the world famous Titanic.
Since the West Quay Shopping Centre was build, Southampton has had the area’s best shopping. It was opened in 2000 and covers 800,000 square feet. It is located right in the centre of the city.
For sports fans, watching Southampton Football Club might excite you. They are currently in the Championship, the second division in English football, and play their home games at St. Mary’s Stadium which was completed in 2001. The England football team played one match at the stadium while Wembley Stadium was being rebuilt. The Rose Bowl Cricket Ground is the other main sporting ground in Southampton, and Hampshire regularly play there.
For those who enjoy the outdoor life, there are many parks within a short walking distance of the city centre. These include Andrews Park, Watts Park, Palmerston Park, Houndwell Park and Hoglands Park.
If you want to venture outside Southampton, the New Forest is nearby. This is a large area of 150 square miles of forest and heathland. This is heaven for walkers and cyclists, and millions visit the New Forest every year.
There is lots to do in Southampton. If you want some more information about the city, below are some interesting fact about Southampton.
The Pilgrim Fathers originally wanted to use Southampton to depart for the United States, or the New World as it was then known. In the end they had to depart from Plymouth due to problems when attempting to depart from Southampton.
On 10th April 1912 the Titanic left Southampton for its ill-fated maiden (and only) voyage to New York.
Southampton is home of the Spitfire Aircraft that was instrumental during World War 2, and in particular in the Battle of Britain. Over 20,000 were built in the city between 1936 and the end of the War.
The Cenotaph War Memorial in London was modelled on a similar structure in Southampton.
The railway tunnel that runs underneath the city into its main train station was initially a tunnel for a canal that was never built.
Isaac Watts was born in Southampton.
Jane Austen lived in the city for three years in the early 1800’s.
In 1955 it was the first town in Great Britain to sample Fish Fingers.
Andrew Marshall (c)
Solicitors Southampton
Solicitors Bournemouth
If you’re looking for history why not take a walk around the city walls. It was built for protection after an attack by France in 1338 to close the city in and prevent the likelihood of further attacks. Much of the walls still exist as do some of the towers and gates, including the famous Bargate, which almost serves as an entrance to the main shopping area. Some of what is England’s second longest stretch of medieval wall can be walked on. The walls are a great way of finding your way around the city.
If art is your thing the Southampton City Art Gallery should be of interest. The gallery is free to enter and has a variety of interesting exhibitions. Another museum is the Southampton Maritime Museum, which is naturally located on the docks. Amongst other things the museum includes items relating to the world famous Titanic.
Since the West Quay Shopping Centre was build, Southampton has had the area’s best shopping. It was opened in 2000 and covers 800,000 square feet. It is located right in the centre of the city.
For sports fans, watching Southampton Football Club might excite you. They are currently in the Championship, the second division in English football, and play their home games at St. Mary’s Stadium which was completed in 2001. The England football team played one match at the stadium while Wembley Stadium was being rebuilt. The Rose Bowl Cricket Ground is the other main sporting ground in Southampton, and Hampshire regularly play there.
For those who enjoy the outdoor life, there are many parks within a short walking distance of the city centre. These include Andrews Park, Watts Park, Palmerston Park, Houndwell Park and Hoglands Park.
If you want to venture outside Southampton, the New Forest is nearby. This is a large area of 150 square miles of forest and heathland. This is heaven for walkers and cyclists, and millions visit the New Forest every year.
There is lots to do in Southampton. If you want some more information about the city, below are some interesting fact about Southampton.
The Pilgrim Fathers originally wanted to use Southampton to depart for the United States, or the New World as it was then known. In the end they had to depart from Plymouth due to problems when attempting to depart from Southampton.
On 10th April 1912 the Titanic left Southampton for its ill-fated maiden (and only) voyage to New York.
Southampton is home of the Spitfire Aircraft that was instrumental during World War 2, and in particular in the Battle of Britain. Over 20,000 were built in the city between 1936 and the end of the War.
The Cenotaph War Memorial in London was modelled on a similar structure in Southampton.
The railway tunnel that runs underneath the city into its main train station was initially a tunnel for a canal that was never built.
Isaac Watts was born in Southampton.
Jane Austen lived in the city for three years in the early 1800’s.
In 1955 it was the first town in Great Britain to sample Fish Fingers.
Andrew Marshall (c)
Solicitors Southampton
Solicitors Bournemouth
Friday, November 11, 2011
Types of Milk Packaging
Milk packaging can be very varied and the types of packaging have increased over time. The aim of packaging is both practical and commercial, which means there is much for packaging suppliers to think about. It must carry the milk and keep it fresh, while keeping the cost down and marketing the product. Glass bottles, cardboard cartons and plastic bottles are all used as milk packaging. There are three main types of milk in the UK, skimmed milk (low fat), full fat milk, and semi-skimmed, which is in between skimmed and full fat. Packaging needs to tell customers which type of milk a particular bottle or carton is.
Glass Bottles
Glass bottles are the traditional milk packaging. They originally had necks that started relatively low on the bottle, although these have now developed to they are narrower and shorter. The lettering appears directly on the bottle. This was originally built into the bottles during manufacturing, but were then started to be painted on directly. This was due to painting the lettering being cheaper while also allowing for stronger marketing. The main advantage of using glass bottles for the packaging of milk is the cost; it is generally cheaper. These days they are most commonly used where milk is delivered directly to people’s homes. The colour of bottle lids signifies the type of milk. With glass bottles, a blue and silver lid is skimmed milk, red and silver is semi-skimmed and silver is whole milk.
Milk Cartons
Cardboard milk cartons came along later than glass bottles, with the main benefit being marketing. It is easier to get more information onto packaging as it is essentially one large label. The entire carton can be printed on if necessary. This gives marketers more licence; they can basically do what they want. Glass bottles can only carry the brand and the type of milk, whereas cartons can carry all sorts of information. They can include graphics (further branding than just the brand name) and nutritional information, for example.
Plastic Bottles
Plastic bottles have been used more and more in recent years. They have some of the advantages of both glass bottles and cartons. They are cheaper than cartons but can carry more branding on them and be more colourful than glass bottles. Another advantage is that this type of packaging can be easily manufactured into a variety of sizes. With plastic bottles skimmed milk is usually signified by red, semi-skimmed by green and full fat milk by blue.
Milk packaging is something that has developed a lot over the last 130 years from when glass bottles were first manufacturer in the last 1800’s. Marketing has become more important and this has meant going away from glass bottles to some extent and heading towards cartons and plastic bottles. There are also many different types of milk these days. As well as full fat, skimmed and semi-skimmed milk, there is now also organic milk and other variants available. Milk manufacturers also want to carry more information.
Andrew Marshall (c)
Glass Bottles
Glass bottles are the traditional milk packaging. They originally had necks that started relatively low on the bottle, although these have now developed to they are narrower and shorter. The lettering appears directly on the bottle. This was originally built into the bottles during manufacturing, but were then started to be painted on directly. This was due to painting the lettering being cheaper while also allowing for stronger marketing. The main advantage of using glass bottles for the packaging of milk is the cost; it is generally cheaper. These days they are most commonly used where milk is delivered directly to people’s homes. The colour of bottle lids signifies the type of milk. With glass bottles, a blue and silver lid is skimmed milk, red and silver is semi-skimmed and silver is whole milk.
Milk Cartons
Cardboard milk cartons came along later than glass bottles, with the main benefit being marketing. It is easier to get more information onto packaging as it is essentially one large label. The entire carton can be printed on if necessary. This gives marketers more licence; they can basically do what they want. Glass bottles can only carry the brand and the type of milk, whereas cartons can carry all sorts of information. They can include graphics (further branding than just the brand name) and nutritional information, for example.
Plastic Bottles
Plastic bottles have been used more and more in recent years. They have some of the advantages of both glass bottles and cartons. They are cheaper than cartons but can carry more branding on them and be more colourful than glass bottles. Another advantage is that this type of packaging can be easily manufactured into a variety of sizes. With plastic bottles skimmed milk is usually signified by red, semi-skimmed by green and full fat milk by blue.
Milk packaging is something that has developed a lot over the last 130 years from when glass bottles were first manufacturer in the last 1800’s. Marketing has become more important and this has meant going away from glass bottles to some extent and heading towards cartons and plastic bottles. There are also many different types of milk these days. As well as full fat, skimmed and semi-skimmed milk, there is now also organic milk and other variants available. Milk manufacturers also want to carry more information.
Andrew Marshall (c)
Thursday, November 10, 2011
Examples of how Businesses can use Technology
Technology is changing all the time and businesses are always adapting. There are numerous ways that businesses can utilise technology to their benefit. This article looks at some of the common ways that businesses use technology to increase productivity and profitability.
Video Conferencing
Many businesses use video conferencing to hold meetings between employees and with customers. This allows them to hold meetings with those involved being in different locations, therefore limiting the need for travel. This saves on travel costs and travel time, which increases productivity and profitability.
VoIP
Business VoIP has become more popular over the last five years. Using VoIP instead of telephones can save businesses money with calls often cheaper. For those who make a lot of calls, especially international calls, this can make a big difference.
The Internet for Research
The internet is the technology that has changed the world the most over the last decade and few businesses have failed to utilise it in one way or another. There are many ways that the internet can be used by businesses, and one of these is for research. Any business where research is important, and that is most businesses, can use the internet for this. It may not help with all research but the internet can be used for much of it. For some, being able to use the internet for research can save a massive amount of time compared to having to use other avenues.
Business Websites
The most obvious way that businesses use the internet is by having their own website, something that most businesses do these days. They can be used as a shop window to show off what they can do, therefore working as a marketing tool. This can increase the geographical reach of the business; depending on the sector it can open it up to the whole world. Business websites can also be used as a tool for customers to interact with, which can enhance customer satisfaction.
Online Stores
Businesses who sell products now often sell them online as well as in their shops. This can open them up to people who don’t live near their shops, possibly placing them above their competition.
Word Processing
Almost all businesses require word processing. This is one of the oldest ways in which businesses have used computers. Using computers for this is much more productive than the old fashioned alternative of pen and paper, and it is something that most now take for granted. Some industries, such as the newspaper and magazine industries, have completely changed due to the invention and advancements of computers.
Email
Email is now the main form of communication used within business, both internally and with customers. It allows for instant communications so decisions can be made quicker which increases productivity.
Design
Any industry where design is important uses computers these days. Computers and computer software have massively changed the way design of all types work. This is now usually completely done with computers, whereas it used to be done completely on paper.
Mobile Phones and Laptops
Mobile phones, laptops, and other mobile devices have enabled people to work on the go, for example on the train. This makes it easier to move between different offices where necessary and work in different locations without it having a major impact on productivity.
Andrew Marshall (c)
Video Conferencing
Many businesses use video conferencing to hold meetings between employees and with customers. This allows them to hold meetings with those involved being in different locations, therefore limiting the need for travel. This saves on travel costs and travel time, which increases productivity and profitability.
VoIP
Business VoIP has become more popular over the last five years. Using VoIP instead of telephones can save businesses money with calls often cheaper. For those who make a lot of calls, especially international calls, this can make a big difference.
The Internet for Research
The internet is the technology that has changed the world the most over the last decade and few businesses have failed to utilise it in one way or another. There are many ways that the internet can be used by businesses, and one of these is for research. Any business where research is important, and that is most businesses, can use the internet for this. It may not help with all research but the internet can be used for much of it. For some, being able to use the internet for research can save a massive amount of time compared to having to use other avenues.
Business Websites
The most obvious way that businesses use the internet is by having their own website, something that most businesses do these days. They can be used as a shop window to show off what they can do, therefore working as a marketing tool. This can increase the geographical reach of the business; depending on the sector it can open it up to the whole world. Business websites can also be used as a tool for customers to interact with, which can enhance customer satisfaction.
Online Stores
Businesses who sell products now often sell them online as well as in their shops. This can open them up to people who don’t live near their shops, possibly placing them above their competition.
Word Processing
Almost all businesses require word processing. This is one of the oldest ways in which businesses have used computers. Using computers for this is much more productive than the old fashioned alternative of pen and paper, and it is something that most now take for granted. Some industries, such as the newspaper and magazine industries, have completely changed due to the invention and advancements of computers.
Email is now the main form of communication used within business, both internally and with customers. It allows for instant communications so decisions can be made quicker which increases productivity.
Design
Any industry where design is important uses computers these days. Computers and computer software have massively changed the way design of all types work. This is now usually completely done with computers, whereas it used to be done completely on paper.
Mobile Phones and Laptops
Mobile phones, laptops, and other mobile devices have enabled people to work on the go, for example on the train. This makes it easier to move between different offices where necessary and work in different locations without it having a major impact on productivity.
Andrew Marshall (c)
Monday, November 7, 2011
Recommendations of the Family Law Justice Review
The Family Law Justice Review has been carried out by David Norgrove, with recommendations to the government on ways to improve family law, in particular with regards to children.
Key Recommendations
In his now published review, David Norgrove has said that where children’s futures are concerned cases should take no longer than six months. If this were the case it would mean a lot of cases being sorted out much quicker than they currently are.
Another key point is that families (and parents) should be enabled to, and assisted in, making their own decisions when a family breaks up. The objective here is for the courts to only be used when absolutely necessary, rather than just being a matter of course, as it currently is some of the time.
A third key recommendation is to overhaul the family justice system so that agencies and professionals work together in the hope of improving services for everyone.
What the Review Found
The review found that the current system is under huge strain, with the number of cases rising all the time. Cases are taking too long, which means the whole system gets clogged up with delays having a negative impact on children and their parents. It currently takes, on average, over a year for the outcome of a case where a child’s future is being decided. This leads to children not knowing where they will live and there are currently around 200,000 children waiting for their futures to be decided.
The main aim of any changes would be for family law to be more effective and more efficient. Norgrove recommends that delays should be reduced so the processes quickens up, especially where children are concerned.
Reducing the Need for Court
When the courts have to be used in family law cases it generally takes a lot longer and can cause stress for all those involved. The review has stated that this could often be avoided. Parents should be given more information and educated more so they don’t have to turn to the courts. There have already been moves planned to increase the use of mediation, where couples can discuss their situation and come up with an amicable solution that is good (or as good as possible) for everyone. Separating couples may soon be required to enter into mediation except for where abuse has taken place. The key, according to the review, is that the courts should only be used as a last resort.
Other Recommendations
Something that has been established as key is that agencies and professionals work together. It has also been recommended that more cases are heard by specialist family law judges to increase understanding and consistency. The court structure should also be simplified so that it is easier for people to deal with. And all in all, the system should be more child focussed.
Criticisms
The recommendations have been criticised in some quarters for not suggesting changes so that Father’s have, by default, equal rights to the custody of children. This has lead to newspaper stories claiming that it has ruled against Fathers having equal rights. This perspective is not accurate though, as this part of the law would not change should Norgrove’s suggestions be followed.
The key, according to Norgrove, is that the whole legal process in family law cases should be simplified and sped up to make it easier for everyone. Mediation should become more important with courts only used when absolutely necessary. The priority should be on parents agreeing on child care arrangements between themselves wherever possible.
Andrew Marshall (c)
Key Recommendations
In his now published review, David Norgrove has said that where children’s futures are concerned cases should take no longer than six months. If this were the case it would mean a lot of cases being sorted out much quicker than they currently are.
Another key point is that families (and parents) should be enabled to, and assisted in, making their own decisions when a family breaks up. The objective here is for the courts to only be used when absolutely necessary, rather than just being a matter of course, as it currently is some of the time.
A third key recommendation is to overhaul the family justice system so that agencies and professionals work together in the hope of improving services for everyone.
What the Review Found
The review found that the current system is under huge strain, with the number of cases rising all the time. Cases are taking too long, which means the whole system gets clogged up with delays having a negative impact on children and their parents. It currently takes, on average, over a year for the outcome of a case where a child’s future is being decided. This leads to children not knowing where they will live and there are currently around 200,000 children waiting for their futures to be decided.
The main aim of any changes would be for family law to be more effective and more efficient. Norgrove recommends that delays should be reduced so the processes quickens up, especially where children are concerned.
Reducing the Need for Court
When the courts have to be used in family law cases it generally takes a lot longer and can cause stress for all those involved. The review has stated that this could often be avoided. Parents should be given more information and educated more so they don’t have to turn to the courts. There have already been moves planned to increase the use of mediation, where couples can discuss their situation and come up with an amicable solution that is good (or as good as possible) for everyone. Separating couples may soon be required to enter into mediation except for where abuse has taken place. The key, according to the review, is that the courts should only be used as a last resort.
Other Recommendations
Something that has been established as key is that agencies and professionals work together. It has also been recommended that more cases are heard by specialist family law judges to increase understanding and consistency. The court structure should also be simplified so that it is easier for people to deal with. And all in all, the system should be more child focussed.
Criticisms
The recommendations have been criticised in some quarters for not suggesting changes so that Father’s have, by default, equal rights to the custody of children. This has lead to newspaper stories claiming that it has ruled against Fathers having equal rights. This perspective is not accurate though, as this part of the law would not change should Norgrove’s suggestions be followed.
The key, according to Norgrove, is that the whole legal process in family law cases should be simplified and sped up to make it easier for everyone. Mediation should become more important with courts only used when absolutely necessary. The priority should be on parents agreeing on child care arrangements between themselves wherever possible.
Andrew Marshall (c)
Thursday, November 3, 2011
The False Perception of Health and Safety
There have been many interesting, and extreme, health and safety stories doing the rounds over the last few years. There have been over the top health and safety rules and regulations, and businesses and other organisations making strange decisions due to being frightened of health and safety. Often this has lead to people being scared of doing perfectly legitimate things in case they face the consequences should something go wrong.
Below are some examples of things that have been banned for health and safety reasons:
In several schools children have been banned from playing conkers or told to wear protective goggles. This, apparently, is because it has the potential to cause injury, especially eye injuries.
Some clock winders have been banned from climbing church towers due to the danger of them falling.
In some cases children have been banned from playing on monkey bars at playgrounds, including at school playgrounds.
There have been some bans on children’s sack races. Presumably this is because they could get trapped in the sack.
The hill at Wimbledon was at one stage closed this year. Why? Because it was raining.
There have been many stories of situations where people and organisation have been frightened of health and safety, under the misconception that they could get sued should something go wrong. The most publicised example has been where shop owners have been afraid of clearing away snow outside their shops as they could be sued if someone slips on the ice that is left. At some schools children have not been allowed outside when there has been snow, or even in some cases when it has just been raining. This is due to the fear that parents might sue should this result in injury. The reality of these situations, though, is that they could not be sued. If someone attempted to take legal action they would fail. Accidents do happen and there is not always someone to blame.
Looking at the funny side, there have been some over-the-top and unnecessary warnings on things, especially food. Some examples are below:
On hot food: contents may be hot
On a packet of peanuts: may contain nuts
On meat: not suitable for vegetarians
On a pack of carrots: Ingredients – carrots
On a box of ice cream: may be cold
On a packet of peanuts: instructions – open packet, eat peanuts
There is a funny side to some of the health and safety stories above but it has become problematic. The truth is that many so-called health and safety precautions are way over the top and completely unnecessary. People don’t need to be told that peanuts contain nuts and that ice cream is cold. Organisations, from shops to schools, are often frightened of being sued for things that they could not possible be sued for.
Health and safety has often been criticised, but health and safety itself is not the problem – it is the perception of health and safety that is the real issue. People have a distorted view of how it works. The reality is that health and safety laws are not as strict as many believe them to be.
Health and safety is important – if done in the right way. There are genuinely potentially dangerous situations that have to be protected against and laws that are necessary. So they are important but the perception, and over cautiousness, has got out of hand due to people being unnecessarily frightened of the law.
Andrew Marshall (c)
Below are some examples of things that have been banned for health and safety reasons:
In several schools children have been banned from playing conkers or told to wear protective goggles. This, apparently, is because it has the potential to cause injury, especially eye injuries.
Some clock winders have been banned from climbing church towers due to the danger of them falling.
In some cases children have been banned from playing on monkey bars at playgrounds, including at school playgrounds.
There have been some bans on children’s sack races. Presumably this is because they could get trapped in the sack.
The hill at Wimbledon was at one stage closed this year. Why? Because it was raining.
There have been many stories of situations where people and organisation have been frightened of health and safety, under the misconception that they could get sued should something go wrong. The most publicised example has been where shop owners have been afraid of clearing away snow outside their shops as they could be sued if someone slips on the ice that is left. At some schools children have not been allowed outside when there has been snow, or even in some cases when it has just been raining. This is due to the fear that parents might sue should this result in injury. The reality of these situations, though, is that they could not be sued. If someone attempted to take legal action they would fail. Accidents do happen and there is not always someone to blame.
Looking at the funny side, there have been some over-the-top and unnecessary warnings on things, especially food. Some examples are below:
On hot food: contents may be hot
On a packet of peanuts: may contain nuts
On meat: not suitable for vegetarians
On a pack of carrots: Ingredients – carrots
On a box of ice cream: may be cold
On a packet of peanuts: instructions – open packet, eat peanuts
There is a funny side to some of the health and safety stories above but it has become problematic. The truth is that many so-called health and safety precautions are way over the top and completely unnecessary. People don’t need to be told that peanuts contain nuts and that ice cream is cold. Organisations, from shops to schools, are often frightened of being sued for things that they could not possible be sued for.
Health and safety has often been criticised, but health and safety itself is not the problem – it is the perception of health and safety that is the real issue. People have a distorted view of how it works. The reality is that health and safety laws are not as strict as many believe them to be.
Health and safety is important – if done in the right way. There are genuinely potentially dangerous situations that have to be protected against and laws that are necessary. So they are important but the perception, and over cautiousness, has got out of hand due to people being unnecessarily frightened of the law.
Andrew Marshall (c)
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